Off-highway motor vehicles: eMotos.

Senator Jones's legislation establishes a regulatory framework for "eMotos" - electric two-wheeled devices built on bicycle infrastructure without pedals or engine numbers - by classifying them as off-highway motor vehicles in California. The bill defines these devices and incorporates them into existing vehicle code provisions governing off-road vehicle identification and operation.

Under the new requirements, eMotos must display identification plates issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles and operators must follow established off-highway vehicle safety protocols, including helmet use. The legislation maintains current exemptions for certain categories of vehicles, such as implements of husbandry and vehicles owned by government entities.

The Department of the California Highway Patrol, working with local law enforcement agencies, will implement a public education program on proper eMoto operation and compliance with off-highway vehicle regulations. While the bill creates new enforcement obligations for local agencies, it includes provisions stating that state reimbursement is not required since these changes fall under existing constitutional exemptions for modifications to crime definitions and penalties.